考试辅导

成人高考高起点英语语法误用

时间:2024-06-08 11:57:44 美云 考试辅导 我要投稿
  • 相关推荐

2024年成人高考高起点英语语法误用汇总

  考生们在英语写作中,很容易出现语法错误,以下是百分网小编搜索整理的关于2024年成人高考高起点英语语法误用汇总,供参考复习,希望对大家有所帮助!

2024年成人高考高起点英语语法误用汇总

  成人高考高起点英语语法误用 1

  误用讲解:分词

  1、中文:他理发了。

  (误)He had his hair to be cut.

  (正)He had his hair cut.(have,get+宾语+过去分词表示使…被。)

  2、中文:他喜欢喝凉开水。

  (误)He likes to drink boiling water.

  (正)He likes to drink boiled water.(现在分词表示主动,boiling water指正在沸腾的水;过去分词表示完成,boiled water指沸腾过的水。)

  3、中文:由于做饭,他看上去累了。

  (误)He looked tiring with cooking.

  (正)He looked tired with cooking.(tiring表示令人疲倦的,tired表示人被弄疲倦了。)

  4、中文:我不能让别人明白我的意思。

  (误)I couldnt make myself understand.

  (正)I couldnt make myself understood.(过去分词表示被动,make myself understood表示使我被别人明白。)

  5、中文:昨天早上我上学时见到了我的一个朋友。

  (误)I was walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.

  (正)Walking to school yesterday morning,I met a friend of mine.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词,后一句分词构句表时间。)

  6、中文:假期结束了,约翰返回了学校。

  (误)The vacation was over,John returned to school.

  (正)The vacation being over,John returned to school.(前一句如作时间从句缺连词,后一句独立分词构句表时间。)

  7、中文:戴帽子的工人躺在地上。

  (误)The workman worn a hat is lying on the ground.

  (正)The workman wearing a hat is lying on the ground.(带帽子是主动行动,要用现在分词wearing a hat表示。)

  8、中文:小女孩站在那里哭了。

  (误)The little girl stood there cried.

  (正)The little girl stood there crying.(哭是主语the little girl发出的行动,要用现在分词crying表示。)

  9、中文:天气好,我们今天要去郊游。

  (误)Being fine, well go outing today.

  (正)It being fine, well go outing today.(前一句错在分词构句所表示的动作不是主句的主语发出的;后一句加上表示气候的It作逻辑主语,构成独立分词构句表原因。)

  误用讲解:副词

  1、中文:这块石头太大了没人能举起它。

  (误)Here is a so big stone that no one can lift it.

  (正)Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.(so是副词,修饰形容词,形式是so+形容词+a+单数可数名词。)

  2、中文:这花多美啊!

  (误)What beautiful the flower is!

  (正)How beautiful the flower is!(how用来修饰副词或形容词,而what用来修饰名词。)

  3、中文:这工作永远不会被完成。

  (误)This job will be never finished.

  (正)This job will never be finished.(频率副词在第一个助动词后。)

  4、中文:我的弟弟比我高多了。

  (误)My brother is very taller than I.

  (正)My brother is much taller than I.(very不能修饰比较级;much可以修饰比较级。)

  5、中文:我想我七点会在餐厅里见到她。

  (误)I think Ill meet her at 7:00 at the restaurant.

  (正)I think Ill meet her at the restaurant at 7:00.(地方副词在时间副词前。)

  6、中文:这房间对你够大的。

  (误)This room is enough large for you.

  (正)This room is large enough for you.(enough作副词,在被修饰的形容词后。)

  7、中文:我也不能做它。

  (误)I cannot do it too.

  (正)I cannot do it either.(either用于否定句;too用于肯定句。)

  8、中文:他每天早起。

  (误)He gets up early everyday.

  (正)He gets up early every day.(every day是时间副词;everyday是形容词。)

  9、中文:我要下楼去。

  (误)Im going to downstairs.

  (正)Im going downstairs.(downstairs是副词,前面不加介词。)

  10、中文:你的故事很有趣。

  (误)Your story is the most interesting.

  (正)Your story is most interesting.(most不用于比较,而用作加强语气,不加the.)

  11、中文:我两年前见过他。

  (误)I met him two years before.

  (正)I met him two years ago.(表示一段时间以前,ago用于一般过去时;before用于过去完成时。)

  12、中文:他们昨天晚上回来得晚。

  (误)They came back lately last night.

  (正)They came back late last night.(lately(最近),late(晚,迟),都是副词。)

  误用讲解:不定式

  1、中文:为了准时,我们加快了步伐。

  (误)So as to be in time we hurried.

  (正)In order to be in time we hurried.(so as to只可放在句中,in order to可放在句首或句中。)

  2、中文:你说这些话真傻。

  (误)Its very foolish for you to say so.

  (正)Its very foolish of you to say so.(表示评价的形容词被带逻辑主语的不定式修饰时,介词要用of.)

  3、中文:你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?

  (误)Didnt you ask them to never do that?

  (正)Didnt you ask them never to do that?(never要放在to之前。)

  4、中文:你没有告诉他们永远不要做那件事吗?

  (误)Here is a new book for you to read it.

  (正)Here is a new book for you to read.(作形容词用法的带逻辑主语的不定式for you to read的宾语,实际上就是它所修饰的new book,其后不可再加宾语。)

  5、中文:他够年龄,可以上学了。

  (误)He is old enough so that he can go to school.

  (正)He is old enough to go to school.(形容词+enough+不定式表示足够…而可。)

  6、中文:他太好了,寄给我许多书。

  (误)He was so good to send me a lot of books.

  (正)He was so good as to send me a lot of books.(so……as to表示如此…以致。)

  7、中文:你最好不要在下雨天出去。

  (误)You had better not to go out in the rain.

  (正)You had better not go out in the rain.(had better(not)后接原形不定式。)

  8、中文:你喜欢听别人谈话吗?

  (误)Do you like listening to others to talk?

  (正)Do you like listening to others talk?(感官动词或使役动词的宾语补语用原形不定式。)

  误用讲解:助动词

  1、中文:我习惯于早起。

  (误)I am used to get up early.

  (正)I am used to getting up early.(get,become或be used to中的to是介词,后接动名词。)

  2、中文:他过去常常在星期天来约我。

  (误)He used to calling on me on Sundays.

  (正)He used to call on me on Sundays.(used to+原形动词,表示过去常常。)

  3、中文:A:我必须去吗?B:不,你不必了。

  (误)A: Must I go? B: No,you mustnt.

  (正)A: Must I go? B: No,you neednt.(mustnt表示不许,neednt表示不必,以MUST开始的一般疑问句,否定回答用neednt.)

  4、中文:我今天下午想和你一起去游泳。

  (误)I will like to go swimming with you this afternoon.

  (正)I would like to go swimming with you this afternoon.(would like是习惯搭配,后接不定式,表示愿意做某事。)

  5、中文:他前天可能说这些吗?

  (误)Must he have said so the day before yesterday?(MUST用于推测时表示一定,准是,只用于肯定句。)

  (正)Can he have said so the day before yesterday?(CAN用于怀疑,推测时表示可能,用于疑问句和否定句。)

  误用讲解:虚拟语气

  1、中文:我要是你,我不会那么做。

  (误)I shouldnt do that if I was you.

  (正)I shouldnt do that if I were you.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不能用was,只能用were.)

  2、中文:要是我父亲现在在这里,他会告诉我该做什么。

  (误)If my father were here now,he will tell me what to do.

  (正)If my father were here now,he would tell me what to do.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的助动词只能用would,might等过去时。)

  3、中文:要是我知道她的电话号码,我就会给她打电话了。

  (误)If I knew her telephone number,I would have called her.

  (正)If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时。)

  4、中文:要是昨天没下雨她也许会来。

  (误)If it had not rained yesterday,he might come.

  (正)If it had not rained yesterday,he might have come.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,主句的动词要用助动词的过去时might,could等+HAVE+过去分词。)

  5、中文:我不认为我会失败,但要是我失败了,我会再努力。

  (误)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I failed,I would try again.

  (正)I dont think that I shall fail. But if I should fail,I would try again.(表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词用should加原形动词。)

  6、中文:他要是带了钱就会买它。

  (误)Did he bring some money with him,he would have bought it.

  (正)Had he brought some money with him,he would have bought it.(表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中,条件从句的动词要用过去完成时,若省略if,则用倒装形式。)

  7、中文:她要是个男人可能会当选总统。

  (误)Be she a man,she might be elected president.

  (正)Were she a man,she might be elected president.(表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气,不能用was,只能用were;若省略if,则将were放在句首。)

  8、中文:我提议提高教师的薪资。

  (误)I suggested that the teachers wages could be increased.

  (正)I suggested that the teachers wages should be increased.(suggest当建议讲时,后面的名词从句的主要动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)

  9、中文:他这么做是重要的。

  (误)It is important that he will do it.

  (正)It is important that he do it.(It is important+that引导的名词从句的动词要用should加原形动词,should可以省略。)

  误用讲解:被动语态

  1、中文:他们结婚两年了。

  (误)They have married for two years.

  (正)They have been married for two years.(表示已婚状态的持续,要用完成时的被动式。)

  2、中文:他被所有学生嘲笑。

  (误)He was laughed by all the pupils.

  (正)He was laughed at by all the pupils.(不及物动词+介词=及物动词,变被动语态时介词不能省略。)

  3、中文:英语难学。

  (误)English is difficult to be learned.

  (正)English is difficult to learn.(英语难学=学英语难,也可说Its difficult to learn English.原句的主语实际上是不定式的逻辑宾语,不定式要用主动形式。)

  4、中文:汤姆问我这些岛屿是否属于美国。

  (误)Tom asked me if these islands are belonged to America.

  (正)Tom asked me if these islands belonged to America.

  5、中文:中国发生了很大变化。

  (误)Great changes have been taken place in China.

  (正)Great changes have taken place in China.

  6、中文:战争于一九三七年爆发。

  (误)The war was broken out in 1937.

  (正)The war broke out in 1937.(take place,break out,happen,belong to等不及物动词或短语动词没有被动语态形式。)

  7、中文:我看不清黑板。也许你需要检查你的眼睛。

  (误)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to examine your eyes.

  (正)I cant see the blackboard very well.Perhaps you need to have your eyes examined.(表示使某物被别人…,通常使用have或get+物+过去分词表示。)

  8、中文:他命令马上开始工作。

  (误)He ordered the work to start at once.

  (正)He ordered the work to be started at once.(不定式作宾语补语时,若与宾语是被动关系,要用不定式的被动形式。)

  9、中文:他试图不介入政治。

  (误)He tried not to have mixed up in politics.

  (正)He tried not to get mixed up in politics.(get作系动词,可代替be,后接过去分词表示被动,have无此功能。)

  10、中文:据说他很富有。

  (误)They say him to have been rich.

  (正)He is said to have been rich.(say后不可接不定式,但它的被动语态后可接不定式。)

  11、中文:那人被认为是个傻子。

  (误)The man thought to be a fool.

  (正)The man was thought to be a fool.(主语是动作的承受者而不是发出者,用被动语态。)

  误用讲解:所有格

  1、中文:你做完功课了吗?

  (误)Have you done homework?

  (正)Have you done your homework?(表示做功课用do ones homework.)

  2、中文:那些是我们老师的一些书。

  (误)Those are some books of our teacher.

  (正)Those are some books of our teachers.(应用双重所有格形式。)

  3、中文:这是我弟弟约翰的书。

  (误)This is my brother John book.

  (正)This is my brother Johns book.(John是brother的同位语,John的书用Johns book.)

  4、中文:警察抓住了他的胳膊。

  (误)The policemen caught him by his arm.

  (正)The policemen caught him by the arm.(抓住身上某个部位用the,不用代词的所有格。)

  5、中文:一个十岁的孩子

  (误)a ten years old child

  (误)a child of ten year old

  (误)a ten year old child

  (误)a ten-years-old child

  (正)a ten-year-old child

  成人高考高起点英语语法误用 2

  第一部分:语气的定义和种类

  1、语气(mood):语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。

  2、语气的种类

  ⑴、陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如:

  ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。

  ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗?

  ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊!

  ⑵、祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如:

  ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。

  ②Don‘t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。

  ⑶、虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如:

  ①If I were a bird,I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。

  ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。

  ③May you succeed!祝您成功!

  第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气

  一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中。如:

  ⑴、Would you be kind enough to show methe way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?

  ⑵、It would be better for you not tostay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。

  二、表祝愿。

  1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。

  ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运!

  ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐!

  ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就!

  ⑷、Mayyou have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。

  ⑸、May the friendship between us lastlong. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。

  ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be)祝你幸福。

  2、用动词原形。例如:

  (1)、Long live the people!人民万岁!(2)、“Godbless you,”said the priest.牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!”

  (3)、Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快!

  三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”)

  (1)、God save me. (2)、Heavenhelp us.

  四、表命令

  1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。

  2.句子尾通常加上感叹号:!

  3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如:work,be , go

  4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not.

  (1)、Work !

  (2)、Workharder !

  (3)、Be more alert !(虚拟语气动词Be)

  (4)、Yougo out !

  (5)、Do not work so hard. (donot 表示否定的虚拟语气)

  (6)、Dont be afraid. (口语中常用dont代替do not)

  五、在一些习惯表达中

  如:(1)、You‘dbetter set off now.你最好现在就出发。

  (2)、I‘drather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。

  第三部分:名词性从句中的虚拟语气

  第一节:宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

  一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,常省去宾语从句的引导词that.

  一)、对现在情况的虚拟(与现在的事实相反):

  从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be和were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:

  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)Iknew the answer to the question.(wish,动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

  2. I wish it were springin my hometown all the year around.(wish,were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

  3. I wish I were a bird.(wish,were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

  4. When she was at theparty,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

  5. Now that he is inChina,he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)现在他在中国,他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

  6. When we begin thetrip,they will wish they were with us.(willwish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

  二)、对过去情况的虚拟(和过去的事实相反):

  用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或would,could,might+现在完成时。例:

  1. I wish (that可省略,下同)Ihadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

  2. He wishes he hadntlost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

  3. We wished he hadspoken to us. (wished,had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

  4. I wish you had calledearlier. (wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

  5. They will wish theyhad listened to us sooner. (will wish,had+ listened)(事实上并不如此)

  例题分析:I wish I ______ longerthis morning,but I had to get up and come to class.

  A. could have slept B.sleptC. might have slept D. have slept

  动词wish后面接从句,表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即用过去式(表示现在发生的动作)或过去完成式(表示过去发生的动作)。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had to get up and come,所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以,选项A)could have slept是答案

  三)、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望):

  从句动词"would/should/could/might+ 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例:

  1. I wish it would stopraining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

  2. I wish you would bequiet.(would + be)我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

  3. You wished she wouldarrive the next day.(would + arrive)你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

  4. I wish she wouldchange her mind.(would + change)我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵,女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

  5. He will wish we wouldjoin him the following week.(would + join)(只是希望我们和他在一起,实际上还没在一起)

  四)、注意:

  1.如果将wish改为过去式wished,其后that从句中的动词形式不变。例如:

  I wished I hadnt spentso much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

  2. 如果that从句中用would ,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

  I wish he would answermy letter. I wish prices would comedown. I wish you would help me.

  I wish you would stopasking silly questions.

  二、在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气,但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request,demand, require, beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move,prpose, suggest, recommend,advise, vote表示“决定、命令”的:decide,order表示“主张”的:maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的:consent,insist

  例如:

  1.The doctor suggestedthat he (should)try to lose his weight.

  2.He insisted that we (should)tell him the news.

  3.When I suggested thathe try shaving cream, he said,“Therazor and water do the job. ”(当我建议他用刮胡膏时,他说“剃刀和水就行了”。)

  4.He pursued varioustheories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how itdid work.(他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据,直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的。)

  5.One can suggest thatstudents should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. (我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)

  在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍,其结构如:

  order,suggest, propose, require,demand, request, insist,command, insist +…… (should)do

  6.I suggest that we (should)holda meeting next week.

  7.He insisted that he (should)be sent there.

  但注意:在insist 后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么事情,用虚拟语气。

  8.she insists that sheis right.

  9.she insisted that Ishould finish the work at once.

  或者说,suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。

  10.The guard at gateinsisted that everybody obey the rules.

  判断改错:

  (错)11.You pale facesuggests that you (should)beill.

  (对)12.Your pale facesuggests that you are ill.

  (错)13.I insisted that you (should)be wrong.

  (对)14.I insisted that youwere wrong.

  例题分析:15.It is politelyrequested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 oclock at night.

  A. were not played B.not be playedC. not to play D. did not play

  全句意思是:“旅馆管理部门恳请客人晚上11点后不要打开收音机”。句中的谓语动词request(请求)所引出的从句应当用虚拟语气,即动词原形或“should+动词原形”。本句的主语从句中,主语radio是谓语动词play的客体,谓语应当用被动语态。所以,答案是C)not be played.在上述这类句子中不能用动词过去时形式表示虚拟语气,所以A)不正确。选项B)not to play是动词带to的不定式,不能在句中作谓语。选项D)did not play也是动词play的过去时形式,同样不能在本句中作为虚拟语气来使用。而且,它是主动语态形式,而本题要用被动语态。

  练习:

  16)、Thechairman requested that .

  [A]the members studied more carefullythe problem[B]the problem was more carefulnessly studied

  [C]with more carefulness the problemcould be studied[D]the members study the problem more carefully

  17)、Thecommittee recommends that the matter at the next meeting .

  [A]would be discussed[B]willbe discussed[C]be discussed[D]may be discussed

  18)、Thedoctor insisted that his patient .

  [A]that he not work too hard for threemonths[B]take it easy for three months

  C]takingit easy inside of three months[D]to take some vacations for threemonths

  三、在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中,我们经常用“should+动词原形(或完成形式)”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。

  I never thought that heshould be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。

  练习:

  1)thatthe time will soon be ripe for intervention in Iran,theywould be faced by a large army?

  [A]It is believed[B]Shouldthey believe[C]They would believe[D]If they would believe

  2)Ithink it advisable that he for Tokyo soon.

  [A]will leave[B]mayleave[C]leave[D]leaves

  四、would rather ,would sooner,had rather,would (just)as soon ,would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  would rather ,would sooner, had rather, would (just)as soon,would prefer(希望)也用来表达主观愿望,它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来,用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或"对过去做的事的懊悔".

  (1)、I would rather he cametomorrow than today.

  (2)、John would rather thatshe had not gone to the party yesterday evening.

  (3)、Don t live in the world,Iwould rather( I would just as soon) you die.

  (4)、I would rather you gotomorrow.

  (5)、I would rathereverything hadn t happened in the past.

  (6)、The manager would ratherhis daughter did not work in the same office.经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。

  (7)、To be frank,Idrather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说,我希望你不要卷入这件事。

  (8)、You dont have to be insuch a hurry.I would rather you went on business first.你没有必要这么着急,我宁愿你先去上班。

  (9)、Id rather you didntmake any comment on the issue for the time being.我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。

  (10)、Franklyspeaking ,Id rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.坦白地说,我宁愿你现在对此事什么也不要做。

  (11)、Wouldntyou rather your child went to bed early?为什么你不愿让你的孩子早点上床呢?

  注:

  ①若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原形Iwould rather stay at home today.

  ②would rather.……than.……中用动词原形Iwould rather stay at home than go out today.

  五、“had hoped”后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

  用“had hoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形”。

  I had hoped that shewould go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay inChina.我原本希望她到美国去念书,但她说她喜欢留在中国。

  第二节:主语从句中的虚拟语气

  一、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中的虚拟语气

  在形如“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that……”结构中,使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用虚拟语气。其表达形式为should +动词原形或省略should直接用动词原形(美国英语中省去should)

  常用的形容词:* natural (自然的),appropriate(适当的),advisable (合适的),preferable (更可取的),better(更好的)* necessary (必须的),important (重要的),imperative(急需的),urgent (急迫的),essential (本质的),vital(必不可少的)* probable (很可能的),possible (可能的)*desirable (极好的)advisable(合理的),compulsory(必须的),crucial(紧急的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),incredible(惊人的),necessary(必要的),possible(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(紧迫的)。

  常用的过去分词(Past Participle):*required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求的),desired (要求)* suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)*orderd (命令)

  1. It is necessary thatwe (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.(necessary,should + have)(表示有需要去散步)

  2.It was necessary thatwe (should)make everything ready ahead of time.(necessary,should+ make)(表示有必要事先做好准备)

  3. It is required thatnobody (should)smoke here.(required,should+ smoke)(表示要求不要在此抽烟)

  4. It is important thatevery pupil (should)be able to understand therule of school.(important,should+ be)(表示重要的是学生都能了解校规)

  5. Its important thatwe (should)take good care of the patient.(important,should+ take)(表示重要的是照顾好病人)

  6. It is natural thatshe should do so. (形容词natural,should+动词原形do)

  7.It is essential thatthese application forms be sent back as early as possible.这些申请表应尽早地寄回,这是很重要的。

  8.It is vital thatenough money be collected to fund the project.重要的是募集足够的钱,为这个项目提供资金。

  9.It is desired that we(should)geteverything ready this evening.希望我们今晚一切都准备就绪。

  注:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。

  10.I dont think itadvisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience.汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。

  二、在Itis +名词+that…的主语从句中的虚拟语气

  在It is +名词+that的主语从句中,常用虚拟语气,表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有:advice ,decision ,desire,demand ,idea,motion ,order,pity,preference ,proposal,recommendation,requirement,resolution,shame,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。⑴、It is my proposal that he be sent tostudy further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。

  第三节:虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中

  当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should +动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:demand (要求),desire (请求),requirment(要求)advice (劝告),recommendation (建议),suggestion (建议)order (命令)necessity(必要地),preference (优先)proposal (计划),plan(计划),idea (办法),recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。

  We are all for yourproposal that the discussion be put off.我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

  The suggestion that themayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.由市长颁发奖金的建议被每个人接受。

  ⑴、The advice is that we (should可省略,下同) leave at once.(名词advice,should+ leave)(表示加以劝告)

  ⑵、My idea is that we (should)getmore people to attend the conference. (idea,should+ get)(表示做出主意)

  ⑶、I make a proposal that we (should)hold a meeting next week. (proposal,should + hold)(表示做出计划)

  ⑷、The judge assented to the suggestionthat .

  [A]both of the criminals will soon beset freedom

  [B]some of the criminals there are of guilt only

  [C]the girl was to be paroled in thecustody of a welfare society

  [D]the prisoner be sentenced to death

【成人高考高起点英语语法误用】相关文章:

成人高考高起点语文写作技巧11-30

成人高考高起点考试历史得分诀窍11-30

成人高考高起点语文考试答题技巧03-17

成人高考高起点数学备考要诀08-21

成人高考高起点《英语》必备分类词:运动11-22

成人高考高起点《英语》必备分类词:购物11-22

成人高考高起点语文《赤壁赋》复习12-16

成人高考高起点化学复习资料11-26

成人高考高起点语文考试常见易错成语11-25

成人高考高起点英语如何巧妙应对写作困境03-30