初三英语定语从句

　　定语从句，是指一类由关系词引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句，这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分，所以现代语言学多使用“关系从句”这一术语。以下是小编整理的初三英语定语从句，希望对大家有所帮助。

初三英语定语从句

　　初三英语定语从句1

　　一.定义：

　　在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

　　二.特点：

　　1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

　　2. 关联词：

　　1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

　　2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

　　关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。

　　关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。

　　三.基本结构：

　　先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

　　四.关系代词的用法：

　　1. that 和which

　　that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

　　Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

　　His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

　　Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?

　　The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.

　　注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)

　　2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

　　1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

　　This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.

　　2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

　　The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.

　　3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。

　　It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.

　　Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?

　　This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.

　　4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that

　　I want everything (that) I want.

　　I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.

　　5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that

　　Here is all the money (that) I have.

　　6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that

　　I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.

　　7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导

　　Is it the one（that）you want？

　　8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句

　　Who is the girl that won the first place?

　　3. who和whom

　　who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。

　　Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。

　　Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?

　　The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.

　　=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.

　　五.关系副词的用法：

　　1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语

　　I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which

　　2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

　　This is the house where I lived two years ago.

　　3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.

　　We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.

　　初三英语定语从句2

　　高考中常常考查one和that作为普通代词的区别,还常与it进行区别.主要用法如下：

　　I.it／one ／that三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词.一般说来,it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物.

　　I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it.（该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）

　　I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one.（one在该句中表泛指,因为my umbrella已经丢了）

　　The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought.（替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”,以区别“the umbrella you bought”）

　　II.one与that虽可用来指代同名异物,但one为泛指,相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指,相当于the ＋名词.所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that.

　　A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.（该句中one可以换成a chair）

　　The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot.（该句中that可以换成 the water）

　　III.one只能代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数,代替可数名词复数时用 those.

　　I like this pen more than that one.（one代替可数名词单数pen）

　　There were a few young people and some older ones in the house.（ones代替可数名词复数people）

　　Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter.（that代替不可数名词 handwriting）

　　These pictures are more beautiful than those.（those代替可数名词复数 pictures）

　　IV.one既可代替事物,也可代替人,that只能代替事物而不能代替人.有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those.

　　The one ／That on the table is mine.（该句中The one代替事物,并且也可以用That）

　　He is the teacher,the one who is loved by the students.（该句中the one代替人,不能用that）

　　He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads,the ones ／those that had the best color.（该句中the ones代替事物,并且也可以用those）

　　V.one一般有前置修饰语,有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语.而 that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语.

　　Cook was a strict but good captain,one who took good care of his sailors.

　　The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.

　　VI.it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等,充当形式主语或形式宾语.one与that均无此用法.

　　It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

　　I found it hard to get on with her.

　　VII.it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容,而one ／ones则不可以

　　初三英语定语从句3

　　定语从句由关系代词who、whom、whose、which、what、as和关系副词where、when、why等引导，但须记住：

　　1.what不能引导定语从句.

　　2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。

　　一.指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 试分析：

　　The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.

　　Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing .

　　The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster. (=The man who/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：

　　A. 指人时有时只用who不宜用that。

　　1.先行词为one、ones或anyone

　　(1)The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

　　(2)Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

　　2.先行词为these时

　　These who are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

　　3.在there be 开头的句子中

　　There is a student who wants to see you.

　　4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。

　　The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

　　5.在非限制性定语从句中

　　A。I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.

　　B.主句以who开头的句子中,只用that,不用who。

　　二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 试分析：

　　1. I like the books which / that were written by Lu Xun.

　　2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.

　　3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)

　　4. I live in the room whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)

　　注：

　　A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、 which不能用who或that.

　　(1). The girl about whom they were talking is our monitor.

　　(2). The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.

　　B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其动词之后。

　　Is this the book which she is looking for?

　　The old man who/whom they are waiting for is Professor Li.

　　The child who/whom she is looking after is Wang Ping’s son.

　　C. 指物时，下列情况下只能用that ，不宜用which。

　　(1)先行词为不定代词，如All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one等。

　　We are willing to do anything that is good to the people.

　　I have told them all (that) I know.

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　(2)先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。

　　The first book that I read last night was an English novel.

　　(3)先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。

　　This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.

　　This is the best that can be done now.

　　(4)如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用which和who都不合适，只能用that。

　　We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.

　　There are sheep and men that can be seen on the hill.

　　(5)如果先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、 few 、little、no、 all 、one of、 just修饰时。

　　This is the only book that can be lent to you.

　　(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。

　　Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday ?

　　D.只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that。

　　(1)关系代词放在介词之后

　　This is the factory in which we once worked.

　　(2)非限制性定语从句中

　　This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.

　　(3)that，Those作主语时

　　Those which are on the desk are English books.

　　E.先行词前有such、the same、 as时, 关系代词用as，不用that, 但the same…as…表示同样的, the same…that…表示同一的

　　He knows as many people as are present at the meeting.

　　Such people as you refer to are rare nowadays.

　　三.比较When/which、where /which、why.

　　which I still never forget.

　　This is the day when I joined the party.

　　which he spent reading the books.

　　where I found the book.

　　which makes machines.

　　This is the place which we once visited.

　　which I will never forget.

　　which I am looking for.

　　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：

　　限制性定语从句

　　非限制性定语从句

　　All the students who study hard have passed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。(只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。) All the students ,who study hard have passed.所有的学生都及格了，他们学习努力。(没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。)

　　从句是先行词不可缺少的定语(如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。) 从句是对先行词的附加说明(如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。) 与主句关系密切，不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时，从句译在先行词前，与先行词用“的”连接译为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词不用that,只用who、whom(指人)、which(指物) 关系代词代替宾语时可以省略关系代词不能省略关系代词as和which

　　先研究下面两个例句：

　　○1.This elephant is like a snake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see, this elephant is like a snake. 任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。

　　○2.Tom didn’t pass the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父亲很生气。

　　这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：

　　1. 在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面;而which引导的'非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。

　　2. 在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正如……”，“就像……”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句○2。再如：

　　1.He was late again, as / which we had expected. =As we had expected, he was late again. 正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。

　　2. The street hasn’t been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty. 街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。(不用as)

　　3.The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful. 那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。(不用as)

　　4.He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health. 他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。(不用as)

　　5.As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner. 正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在such…as…、the same…as…、 as…、 as many…/much as…等结构中,as不能用which代替。如：

　　1.Such books as this are too difficult for beginners. 这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。

　　=Books such as this are …

　　=Books like this are …

　　2.I live in the same building as he (does). 我和他住再同一座大楼里。

　　3.He knows as many people as are present at the meeting. 他认识所有到会的人。

　　4.That day we all got up early as usual. 那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。

　　“One of the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况

　　这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：

　　1. That is one of the books that are required for study at school.

　　2. This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.

　　3. She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .

　　4. This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,

　　如果one of +复数名词这一结构前面带有the only、the very之类的限定语，后面定语从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式，这是因为定语从句在意义上修饰的是而不是那个复数名词。如：

　　1.He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.( 修饰the only one)

　　He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.( 修饰the teachers)

　　2.This is the only one of the rooms that is free now. (修饰the only one)

　　This is one of the rooms that are free now. (修饰rooms)

　　as与which引导的定语从句

　　两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。

　　1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 As we all know, the earth is round.

　　2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.

　　3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpected.

　　4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

　　She has been late again, as was expected.

　　Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.

　　初三英语定语从句4

　　一、指人的意思

　　that用于指人，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：

　　A driver that has knocked someone down must stop. 撞人的司机必须停车。(关系代词that指driver，在从句中作主语)

　　He is the man that you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人。(关系代词that指man，在从句中作宾语)

　　He is not that man that he was. 他已不是过去的他了。(关系代词that指man，在从句中作表语)

　　二、指物的意思

　　that用于指物，在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。如：

　　This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the afternoon. 这是下午要飞往东京的那架飞机。(关系代词that指plane，在定语从句中作主语)

　　She was annoyed by something that I had said. 她为我说的某句话而不高兴。(关系代词that指something，在定语从句中作宾语)

　　Shengzhen is not the city that it used to be. 深圳现在已不是原来的那个城市了。(关系代词that指city，在定语从句中作表语)

　　三、不用that的情况

　　(1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

　　(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.

　　(2) 介词后不能用。

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

　　四、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

　　(1) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

　　(2) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

　　(3) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。

　　(4) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。.

　　(5) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　(6) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时.

　　(7) 为了避免重复.

　　(8) 先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略

　　(9) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

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